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condemned to servile labor

  • 1 servos

    1.
    servus, a, um, adj. [referred by the ancients to servo:

    servi ex eo appellati sunt, quod imperatores servos vendere, ac per hoc servare, nec occidere solent,

    Just. Inst. 1, 3, 3; but prob. from root svar-; Lith. svaras, a weight; cf. Gr. herma; O. H. Germ. swari, burdensome; Germ. schwer, heavy; cf. also serius], slavish, servile, subject.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    With homo (= 2. servus;

    mostly ante-class.): non decet superbum esse hominem servom,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64; id. Mil. 2, 6, 80; id. Stich. 1, 2, 1; 5, 4, 10; id. Ep. 1, 1, 58; 3, 1, 7; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 62.—
    B.
    With other subjects (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

    octo milia liberorum servorumque capitum sunt capta,

    Liv. 29, 29:

    corpori, quod servum fortuna erat, vim fecit,

    id. 38, 24:

    Graeciae urbes servae et vectigales (opp. liberae),

    id. 34, 58:

    civitas,

    id. 25, 31:

    Lacedaemon,

    id. 34, 41:

    serva manus,

    Ov. F. 6, 558:

    o imitatores, servum pecus!

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 19:

    serva aqua, i. e. servorum,

    Ov. Am. 1, 6, 26; cf. Petr. 71:

    servam operam, linguam liberam herus me jussit habere,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 9:

    omnia non serva et maxime regna hostilia ducunt (Romani),

    Sall. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch:

    reges serva omnia et subjecta imperio suo esse velint,

    Liv. 37, 54; 42, 46: statu libera quicquid peperit, hoc servum heredis est, Dig. 40, 7, 16.—
    II.
    Jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., liable to certain burdens, subject to a servitude:

    libera (praedia) meliore jure sunt quam serva,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

    fundus,

    Dig. 8, 6, 6:

    aedes,

    ib. 8, 2, 35:

    area,

    ib. 8, 2, 34 al.; cf. servio, II. B., and servitus, II B.—Hence,
    2.
    servus ( - ŏs), i, m., and serva, ae, f., a slave, servant, serf, serving-man; a female slave, maid-servant.
    A.
    Masc. (syn.: famulus, mancipium), Enn. ap. Non. 471, 19 (Com. v. 5 Vahl.); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: servi, ancillae, id. ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; cf.:

    Ulixes domi etiam contumelias servorum ancillarumque pertulit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:

    servus armiger,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

    dotalis,

    id. As. 1, 1, 72:

    frugi,

    id. Aul. 4, 1, 1:

    graphicus et quantivis pretii,

    id. Ep. 3, 3, 29:

    nequam et malus,

    id. Poen. 5, 2, 70:

    scelestus, infidelis,

    id. Trin. 2, 4, 126:

    peculiosus,

    id. Rud. 1, 2, 24:

    peculiaris,

    id. Capt. prol. 20:

    fallax,

    Ov. Am. 1, 15, 17:

    servus a pedibus,

    Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1:

    a manu,

    Suet. Caes. 74:

    aliquem servum sibi habere ad manum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225: publici, public slaves, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 13, 4; Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Liv. 9, 29 fin. et saep.; cf. Dig. 1, 5, 5.—Prov.: quot servi, tot hostes, Sinn. Capito ap. Fest. s. v. quot, p. 261 Müll.; cf. Sen. Ep. 47, 3; Macr. S. 1, 11 med. —Esp.: poenae servus, a slave of punishment, i. e. condemned to servile labor, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 3; Dig. 48, 19, 17.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    vidit enim eos, qui se judiciorum dominos dici volebant, harum cupiditatum esse servos,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:

    neque tam servi illi dominorum, quam tu libidinum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

    112: omnium libidinum servi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 1:

    adulescens libertorum suorum libertus servorumque servus,

    Vell. 2, 73, 1:

    servus potestatis,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf.

    also the doubtful reading: legum omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus,

    id. Clu. 53, 146 (where B. and K. have omnes servimus).—
    B.
    Fem. (mostly anteclass. for ancilla):

    servae sint istae an liberae,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 62:

    ego serva sum,

    id. Cist. 4, 2, 99; id. Pers. 4, 4, 63; id. Poen. 5, 4, 31:

    serva nata,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 37:

    servum servaque natum regnum occupasse,

    Liv. 1, 47 fin.:

    serva Briseis,

    Hor. C. 2, 4, 3 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > servos

  • 2 servus

    1.
    servus, a, um, adj. [referred by the ancients to servo:

    servi ex eo appellati sunt, quod imperatores servos vendere, ac per hoc servare, nec occidere solent,

    Just. Inst. 1, 3, 3; but prob. from root svar-; Lith. svaras, a weight; cf. Gr. herma; O. H. Germ. swari, burdensome; Germ. schwer, heavy; cf. also serius], slavish, servile, subject.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    With homo (= 2. servus;

    mostly ante-class.): non decet superbum esse hominem servom,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64; id. Mil. 2, 6, 80; id. Stich. 1, 2, 1; 5, 4, 10; id. Ep. 1, 1, 58; 3, 1, 7; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 62.—
    B.
    With other subjects (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

    octo milia liberorum servorumque capitum sunt capta,

    Liv. 29, 29:

    corpori, quod servum fortuna erat, vim fecit,

    id. 38, 24:

    Graeciae urbes servae et vectigales (opp. liberae),

    id. 34, 58:

    civitas,

    id. 25, 31:

    Lacedaemon,

    id. 34, 41:

    serva manus,

    Ov. F. 6, 558:

    o imitatores, servum pecus!

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 19:

    serva aqua, i. e. servorum,

    Ov. Am. 1, 6, 26; cf. Petr. 71:

    servam operam, linguam liberam herus me jussit habere,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 9:

    omnia non serva et maxime regna hostilia ducunt (Romani),

    Sall. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch:

    reges serva omnia et subjecta imperio suo esse velint,

    Liv. 37, 54; 42, 46: statu libera quicquid peperit, hoc servum heredis est, Dig. 40, 7, 16.—
    II.
    Jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., liable to certain burdens, subject to a servitude:

    libera (praedia) meliore jure sunt quam serva,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

    fundus,

    Dig. 8, 6, 6:

    aedes,

    ib. 8, 2, 35:

    area,

    ib. 8, 2, 34 al.; cf. servio, II. B., and servitus, II B.—Hence,
    2.
    servus ( - ŏs), i, m., and serva, ae, f., a slave, servant, serf, serving-man; a female slave, maid-servant.
    A.
    Masc. (syn.: famulus, mancipium), Enn. ap. Non. 471, 19 (Com. v. 5 Vahl.); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: servi, ancillae, id. ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; cf.:

    Ulixes domi etiam contumelias servorum ancillarumque pertulit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:

    servus armiger,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

    dotalis,

    id. As. 1, 1, 72:

    frugi,

    id. Aul. 4, 1, 1:

    graphicus et quantivis pretii,

    id. Ep. 3, 3, 29:

    nequam et malus,

    id. Poen. 5, 2, 70:

    scelestus, infidelis,

    id. Trin. 2, 4, 126:

    peculiosus,

    id. Rud. 1, 2, 24:

    peculiaris,

    id. Capt. prol. 20:

    fallax,

    Ov. Am. 1, 15, 17:

    servus a pedibus,

    Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1:

    a manu,

    Suet. Caes. 74:

    aliquem servum sibi habere ad manum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225: publici, public slaves, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 13, 4; Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Liv. 9, 29 fin. et saep.; cf. Dig. 1, 5, 5.—Prov.: quot servi, tot hostes, Sinn. Capito ap. Fest. s. v. quot, p. 261 Müll.; cf. Sen. Ep. 47, 3; Macr. S. 1, 11 med. —Esp.: poenae servus, a slave of punishment, i. e. condemned to servile labor, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 3; Dig. 48, 19, 17.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    vidit enim eos, qui se judiciorum dominos dici volebant, harum cupiditatum esse servos,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:

    neque tam servi illi dominorum, quam tu libidinum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

    112: omnium libidinum servi,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 1:

    adulescens libertorum suorum libertus servorumque servus,

    Vell. 2, 73, 1:

    servus potestatis,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf.

    also the doubtful reading: legum omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus,

    id. Clu. 53, 146 (where B. and K. have omnes servimus).—
    B.
    Fem. (mostly anteclass. for ancilla):

    servae sint istae an liberae,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 62:

    ego serva sum,

    id. Cist. 4, 2, 99; id. Pers. 4, 4, 63; id. Poen. 5, 4, 31:

    serva nata,

    id. Rud. 1, 3, 37:

    servum servaque natum regnum occupasse,

    Liv. 1, 47 fin.:

    serva Briseis,

    Hor. C. 2, 4, 3 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > servus

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